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CNC lathe, how to optimize the tool and the amount of cutting?

The so-called cutting amount is mainly used to calculate the supply and demand cost, the cutting power adjustment, calculate the cutting force and adjust the parameters of the machine tool. Whether the cutting amount is reasonable or not, which is related to the potential of the whole machine tool and the cutting performance of the tool, is the key to achieving low consumption, high quality and high yield [1]. The CNC lathe tool is directly related to the service life of the tool. If the choice is not good, it will not only lead to waste, but also have a huge impact on production efficiency. Therefore, in-depth study of the optimization of CNC lathe tool and the amount of cutting has become the key to the production of CNC machine tools.

1, the choice of CNC lathe tool

1.1 Characteristics of CNC lathe tool

Compared with ordinary machine tool tools, CNC lathe tools have the following characteristics: good precision and rigidity, good anti-vibration effect, small thermal deformation; good interchangeability, quick changeover; Long life, more machinability; tool size adjustment is convenient, can effectively shorten the time used for tool change; the tool can stabilize the coil or chip breaking; has standardized, serialized features, which can facilitate tool management and programming.

1.2 Principles of selection of CNC lathe tools

Scientific and reasonable tool life is the basic principle of tool optimization for CNC lathes. There is a very close relationship between tool life and cutting amount. Before designing the corresponding cutting amount, a reasonable choice should be made for the tool life. The choice should be determined in accordance with the objectives of the optimization. It usually includes the lowest cost tool life and the highest productivity tool life. The former is selected according to the goal with the lowest process cost, and the latter is selected according to the goal with the least work time.

1.3 CNC lathe preferred tool type

Commonly used tool types for CNC lathes are arc-shaped turning tools, forming turning tools, and pointed turning tools. Among them, the forming turning tool can also be called a model turning tool, and the size and shape of the cutting edge directly determine the contour shape of the processed part. In CNC machining, the forming tool should be used as little as possible. The sharp-shaped turning tool is mainly a type of tool mainly characterized by a linear cutting edge, and is composed of a linear main cutting edge and a minor cutting edge. For the selection of the pointed tool set parameters, it is similar to ordinary turning, but the characteristics of the CNC special effects should be integrated to implement a comprehensive analysis. The circularity of the circular turning tool itself is very small, the cutting edge is circular, and the cutting point is at the center of the circle. When selecting the turning radius of the turning tool, it is necessary to further consider the radius of the arc of the cutting edge of the two points. It needs to be equal to or smaller than the minimum radius of curvature of the concave contour of the part. At the same time, it should avoid too small a situation, otherwise it will not only lead to The manufacturing difficulty is increased, and the turning tool is damaged due to poor heat dissipation capability of the tool body or weak tool tip strength.

For roughing, due to the large margin, the corresponding turning tool selection needs to ensure sufficient strength and rigidity. Usually, the overall tool itself has good rigidity. However, because its structure is relatively complicated, the machine tool is the main research and development direction. For the selection of the tool, the machining accuracy of the machine tool itself and the blade clamping structure are extremely critical. For the rough car demand, the tool with durability and strength should be selected to meet the roughing and the feeding amount. The need for large backs to eat the knife [2]. For the precision car needs, we should choose a turning tool that combines durability and precision.

 2, CNC lathe cutting amount

For the metal cutting process with extremely high efficiency requirements, the specific cutting amount, cutting tool and material to be processed are very important. The choice of the three is directly related to the quality and time of the whole cutting process, and also directly affects the life of the turning tool. Impact. In order to effectively guarantee the economy and efficiency of processing, it is necessary to effectively confirm the cutting conditions. The cutting amount is related to the cutting speed, the feed amount and the amount of the back-feeding knife. These three factors are directly related to the damage of the turning tool.

In the process of determining the amount of cutting, it is necessary to further exert the production power of the machine tool on the basis of ensuring the strength and rigidity of the cutting system, so as to improve the cutting performance of the turning tool. The selection of the corresponding value must follow the cutting parameters given by the machine tool, and the feed rate, spindle speed and back-feeding amount can be effectively adapted to the parameter changes, so as to ensure the efficiency and quality of the whole cutting work. The corresponding principles mainly include the following two aspects: On the one hand, under the premise of ensuring the economics of processing, the roughing car can improve the production efficiency as much as possible; on the other hand, the semi-finishing and finishing vehicles need to ensure the surface roughness requirements and processing of the workpiece. Under the premise of accuracy requirements, the efficiency of production is effectively considered.

2.1 The amount of back knife

The choice of the amount of back-to-back knives needs to take into account the actual conditions of the machine tool, tools, fixtures and workpieces. Under the premise of ensuring the rigidity of the process system, it is necessary to select the minimum number of times only to carry out the machining allowance cutting work, thereby effectively ensuring the production efficiency. In the face of the demanding processing accuracy of parts, it is usually necessary to reserve a 0.2-0.5 mm unilateral finishing allowance in advance.

2.2 Spindle speed

Comprehensive reference to the cutting speed allowed by the tool, the machine performance and the material of the machined parts, etc., and refer to the various materials related to the amount of cutting used in CNC machining to design the corresponding cutting speed. After the cutting speed design is completed, the corresponding calculation work is performed with reference to the workpiece diameter, and finally the spindle speed is obtained.

2.3 Feed rate

The feed amount should be determined by referring to the relevant conditions of the material, precision and roughness of the machined parts. Under the preconditions for further ensuring the surface quality of the parts, the larger feed rate should be selected as much as possible to improve the processing efficiency.

In the case of roughing, it is usually determined that a larger amount of cutting is required. In the course of turning, it is necessary to select a larger amount of backing knife to reduce the number of passes, and secondly, to give a larger feed as much as possible. Finally, the cutting speed is increased as much as possible. The higher the cutting speed, the higher the tip temperature can also rise rapidly, which causes thermal wear, mechanical wear and chemical wear. The serious wear will not only increase the lathe load, but also the processing. Quality has an impact. For every 1/5 increase in cutting speed, the corresponding tool life is reduced by 1/2 [3].

If the tool performance and the machine tool can meet the corresponding requirements, the cutting speed should be increased as much as possible. Corresponding circumstances, the lower feed rate can be selected to improve the surface quality of the part. When the outer surface of the finishing car is selected, the feed amount can be achieved by 0.1 mm per revolution. In the case of finishing, the corresponding machining allowance is small, resulting in a very small cutting depth, which is required for surfaces with high shape accuracy. It should be divided several times to remove the corresponding margin, in order to reduce the residual shape error part [4].

3, the conclusion

The amount of cutting is a key parameter that must be confirmed in machining. The rationality of the corresponding parameters of the cutting amount has a direct impact on the efficiency, quality and cost of the whole processing. Scientific and reasonable cutting amount refers to making full use of the machine's dynamic performance (torque, power) and cutting performance, and strive for low processing cost and high productivity cutting amount under the preconditions for effective quality assurance. At the same time, it is necessary to attach great importance to the preferred work of the cutting tool. A large number of related research and production practices have further proved that the choice of tool and the choice of cutting amount have important practical significance for processing and production, which can effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work. It should be noted that at this stage, many tool related materials and processes of CNC turning are basically based on ordinary machining production, and are not completely suitable for CNC turning production. Therefore, the cutting amount still needs to be deeper. the study.