Processing characteristics and material selection of cold deformed die steel

With the development of machining industry, more and more parts are produced by cold working die, and more and more kinds of cold deformation die are used. Cold volume die forging (cold heading, cold extrusion, stamping, etc.); sheet stamping (such as drawing, blanking, trimming, punching, etc.); material rolling (cold rolling, roll forming, etc.). Although there are many kinds of cold deformation dies, different working conditions and different performance requirements, the basic working conditions are similar: all of them deform the metal in cold state, and bear large shear force, pressure, bending force, impact force and friction force when working.

 Processing characteristics of cold formed die steel

1. High hardness and high strength, to ensure that it is not easy to produce micro plastic deformation or damage under high stress.

2. High wear resistance can ensure the dimensional accuracy of die under high wear condition, which is more important for drawing die and cold stamping die.

3. Enough toughness, so that under impact load and dynamic load, it is not easy to occur peeling or collapse of working toughness.

4. Heat treatment deformation is small, because most of the molds have complex cavity and precision, the deformation of heat treatment is difficult to be eliminated by grinding, in addition, some cold deformation molds should have enough heat resistance. How to choose the material of the cold deformation die and the proper heat treatment means reasonably to improve the service life of the die is the most concerned problem in the production. The normal failure of the cold deformation die should be wear, micro plastic deformation and fatigue failure. However, in the actual production, in addition to the wear loss effect, it is not uncommon to break and crack in advance. As we all know, it is a comprehensive factor to affect the service life of cold deformation die; the rationality of raw material selection, metallurgical quality of raw material interior, rationality of design and manufacturing process, service conditions and technical level of operators, etc.

 Material selection of cold deformed die steel

1. Working conditions of mould, including equipment type, processing frequency, processed material, lubrication and environment, etc;

2. The complexity of mold shape and its processing procedure;

3. Production batch and technical requirements of products;

4. The material cost of large-scale mold often accounts for more than 50% of the mold cost. For the mold with complex shape and high precision requirements, the die steel with small quenching deformation should be selected.

According to the actual use, the commonly used cold deformation die steels are low hardenability steel, low deformation steel, micro deformation steel, high strength steel, high toughness steel and impact resistant cold deformation die steel.

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